fragrancescience

Jasmine

2006-05-21T22:15:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Jasminium grandiflorum. Family: Oleaceae. Common Name: White Jasmine. Jasmine is a climbing shrub and can grows to 3 m high. The leaves are made up of 3 or 4 pairs of leaflets and a terminal leaflets. The flowers are grouped in terminal inflorescences. They are white, slightly rose-colored along the outside and especially in the bud, and form a long odoriferous tube.

It blooms from July to October. Absolute Jasmine is extracted by volatile solvents. Jasmine oils constituents include benzyl acetate, linalyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, linolool, Jasmone and Farnesol. It odor is fresh, flowery, delicate and light. It is widely used in the perfume industry.

Some perfumes composed using Jasmine are Gucci: Rush, Rochas: Madame Rochas, Marilyn Miglin: Magic and Calvin Klein: Escape

Uses: Jasmine essential oil has rich and long lasting aroma and expensive because a large amount of flowers needed to extract the essential oil by enfleurage. It is great for menstrual pain and cramps.
It can be used as a massage oil in the early stage of child labor to abate pain.

The oil has a reputation of being an aphrodisiac and helping relaxation. On a mental side, it is known to combat depression, restore energy, impart feeling of confidence and optimism. Jasmine essential oil is useful for all skin types even the sensitive one. But use a small amount of the oil.

General Properties: antidepressant antiseptic antispasmodic aphrodisiac emmenagogue euphoriant sedative spiritual stimulantSpecific Cautions: Can impede concentration. Avoid in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Helichrysum

2006-05-20T09:16:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Helichrysum angustifolium DC. Common name: HELICHRYSUM, everlasting oil, Immortelle, curry plant. Family: ASTERACEAE. It is an aromatic, woody and shrubby perennial tree grows to a maximum height of 2 feet. It is an evergreen with ligneous and cane-like stems. The leaves are fragrant, narrow and silver-grey color. Its flowers are pedunculate with long yellow capitula. Origin: The Mediterranean coastline, particularly France, Hungary and Yugoslavia.

Environment : It dwells well in dry and sunny land. Plants are divided in the spring. Cuttings can be taken in the summer and planted out in the fall or the following spring. It blooms around mid-June. The essential oil is produced via steam distillation of the flowers. Its odor is intensely aromatic with fruity, floral and honey-like smell. It is often applied as herbaceous and fruity notes in perfumery.

Some perfumes which use Helichrysum are Lancome: Magie Noire and Rochas: Femme

Uses:

Some of its chemical components are nerol, and neryl acetate, geraniol and linalol. Below is the molecular structure of nerol and geraniol.The essential oil of Helichrysum is safe, non-toxic and non-irritating making it an excellent choice for sensitive skin and general skincare. It is best when mixed with other essential oil. Helichrysum contains powerful anti-bruising properties rendering it great for children rough physical activities.

Its antispasmodic activity is helpful in claming asthma and whooping cough. Its anti-inflammatory potency make it great for massage oil to treat arthritis and rheumatism.

General Properties: anti-allergenic anti-inflammatory antiseptic antispasmodic astringent expectorant immuno-stimulant sedative

Specific Cautions: Avoid during pregnancy.

Ginger

2006-05-19T22:41:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Common Name: Ginger, common ginger, cooking ginger. Family: ZINGIBERACEAE. CAS: 84696-15-1

Ginger is a hardy herb with tall, reed-like stems. Its horizontal
rhizomes are as wide as one's thumb long, irregular and knotty with obtuse, tuberous, fleshy,aromatic favors. Countries of Origin: Southern Asia, India, Japan, China and Western Africa.

It grows well in clayey and sandy soil that is fertile and rich in humus. The blooming period is towards the month of September. Production is from steam distillation of the root. Odor is fresh, spicy, pungent and herbaceous. Some of the constituents are camphene, phellandrene, zingiberene, cineol, citral and borneol. The pungent nature of ginger is due to gingerol. In perfumery, it is used to add nuance to herbaceous, citrus and fruity notes.

Some perfumes composed with Ginger are: Carolina Herrera: 212, Estee Lauder: Pleasures Hermes: Equipage and Molyneux: Captain

Uses: Ginger oil is a warming oil that helps digestion, calm upset stomachs. It may even help hangovers and motion sickness. Ginger oil is effective for soothing muscles, rheumatism, stomach cramps and nausea. It is considered a powerful ingredient for exhaustion and mental fatigue by elevating the energy level. Used in massage oil as well.

Ginger has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat indigestion and circulation. It is also believed to have ability to elevate energy levels.

Cold: I had been using a large chunk of ginger and lemons to help deal with my cold. I cut up a decent size of ginger plus 1 or 2 lemons into pieces and boil with 250 ml of water for 10 minutes at slow rate. Some brown sugar was added. It was ready after the concentrate was about 100 ml. It was effective for cold.

General Properties: analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, digestive, stimulant.

Coriander

2006-05-14T21:28:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum. Family: Apiaceae. Common Name: Coriander, cilantro, Arab parsley, Chinese parsley. It is a native of Mediterranean region.

It is an annual herb and grows to a height of 18-24 inches. It is a delicate fernlike foliage.It is propagated via seed. Flowers are compound umbrel and can be rose, pinkish,white or near white color. It strives well in full sun and well-drained soil.

Some Perfumes composed with coriander are Calvin Klein: Obsession, Hermes:Hiris
Estee Lauder: Knowing and Karl Lagerfeld: Lagerfeld.

Uses: Coriander had been cultivated for its medicinal uses for the past 3000 years. Coriander main chemical properties are between 60% and 65% of coriandrol, fatty acid, pinene, protein, tannins, vitamin C and geraniol.

Coriander stimulates digestion, induce appetite and prevents flatulence. There had been some success in treating anorexia using the essential oil. It had been used to treat aching joint, arthritis, gout, muscular stiffness, neuralgia and rheumatic pains. It strengthens immunity in the case of influenza and eases mental exhaustion.

Coriander essential oil can detoxify the body by helping the draining of excess fluids from the tissues. Chartreuse and Benedictine are two liqueurs used coriander due to its great digestive properties. It is widely used in Indian and Chinese cuisines for garnishing and flavoring.

General Properties: analgesic antispasmodic carminiative deodorant digestive stimulant

Blend: Coriander blends well with Bergamot, Black pepper, Cinnamon, Citronella, Ginger, Jasmine, Neroli and Orange.

Specific Cautions: Can be stupefying if used over a long period of time. Avoid during pregnancy.

Clove

2006-05-14T21:12:00.000-07:00

Scientific name: Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. Family: MYRTACEAE. Common Name:Clove CAS: 84961-50-2

The clove tree is a tropical, perennial tree of conical bearing measuring 10 to 15 m in height with single, whole leaves. The trunk is smooth and pale greyish. The flowers, with their numerous stamens, are grouped in threes on short terminal panicles. Origin: Maluka islands of Indonesia. It is also grown in Peninsular Malaysia, Zanzibar and Java. It grows in tropical, damp region at low-altitude climate. It is propagated by seedlings immediately after the harvest. Cultivated in humid hothouses but trees rarely flower. Young plants are fragile and do not like being transplanted.

Blooming period is irregular. Production : Flower buds picked beforethey bloom
are dried to become cloves. The clove is about 15 mm long with rich, reddish-brown color. The leaves are dried as well as the cloves to give an essence with a spicy, hot and powerful fragrance. The flower peduncles are dried and sold as "clove claws". It has a slightly peppery odor. Some of the constituents of the essential oil are volatile, gallotannic acid and caryophyllin.It is widely used as eau de toilettes for men and women in perfumery.

Some perfumes which use Clove: Estee Lauder: Youth Dew, Givenchy:
Ysatis,Nina Ricci: L'Air Du Temps and House of Worth:Je Reviens

Clove is one of the most aromatic herbal herbs. It had been used by the Chinese as early as the Han Dynasty. Traditional Chinese herbalist have used clove to treat diarrhea hernia, indigestion and ringworm. Indian Ayurvedic healers had used clove since ancient time to treat respiratory and digestive ailments. In Europe, it was used to treat cough, diarrhea, indigestion, infertility, flatulence, nausea, toothache, vomiting, warts, worms and wounds

The anesthetic and antiseptic properties of clove were the reasons it was used in the treatment of toothache and oral hygiene. Clove kills intestinal parasites and broad antibacterial properties against fungi and bacteria. Therefore, it was used to treat worms and wounds as well.

General Properties: analgesic antiseptic antispasmodic carminative disinfectant insecticidal

Clary Sage

2006-05-13T20:32:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Salvia schlarea. Family: Lamiaceae. Common Name: Clary Sage., Europe sage, clarry, clear eye, common clary, garden clary or orvale. It is a hardy biennial or perennial plant.

It is a native of Southern Europe and Mediterranean region. The flowers bloom at late
Spring to Mid-Summer. The flower consists of whorls of 2-6 with hooded, lilac, blue
upper lip and white lower lip. It has bright, earth, herbaceous, musky, subtle fruity
note. It is being composed as middle note in perfumery. The essential oil is obtained
being steam distilled giving light golden yellow liquid.

Perfumed composed with clary sage Perry Ellis :360, Escada: Escada, Bijan:Michael Jordan Courreges: Amerique.

Uses: Its main chemical constituents are linalyl acetate sclareol, linalol, salvene, salvone and tannins.

Clary Sage is a potent muscle relaxant especially where muscle tension due to mental or emotional stress. It is known as an anti-depressant oil as well as calming making it great to combat anxiety, emotional tension, depression and post natal depression.

Its antispasmodic properties make it an excellent choice for menstrual cramping. It contains a hormone-like compound similar to estrogen to regulate the hormones. This oil is excellent for helping to balance feminine energies.

Clary sage can help aged skin by improving regeneration. It soothes inflamed skins and on oily skin. It is also known as a scalp stimulant to assist with hair growth.

General Properties: antibacterial, antidepressant, antidiaphoretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, deodorant, digestive, sedative

Specific Cautions

Can cause headaches in large doses. Avoid when drinking alcohol. Best to avoid when driving. Avoid during pregnancy.

Cinnamon

2006-05-13T13:50:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum aka Cassia Aromaticum. Family: Lauracae. Common Name: Chinese cinnamon, cinnamon. There are more than 100 varieties of Cinnamon species. Cinnamon has been used since 2700 BC. It is an evergreen tree that can reach a height of 30 feet. It has ovate-lanceolate shape leaves of 4 to 7 inches long. It prefers deep, well-drained moist soil.

Essential oil is extracted via distillation of the bark producing a golden yellow color liquid. Some of the constituents of the oil are cinnamaldehyde, cinnamylacetate, cinnamyl alcohol, beta-caryophyllene, linolool and methyl chavicol. It odors are warm, sweet and spicy.

Perfumes composed with Cinnamon: Christian Dior: Dioressence, Dunhill: X-centric Tommy Hilfiger: Tommy.

Uses:General Properties: antimicrobial antiseptic antispasmodic astrigent carminative digestive insecticidal stimulant

Cinnamom was used by the Chinese and Indian for ages to treat fever, diarrhea and menstrual problems. Egyptians, Hebrews, Greeks and Romans adopted cinnamon as a spice, perfume and treatment of indigestion.

Cinnamon is a warming and stimulating oil, making it great for helping to improve circulation when used in a massage oil. However, it is prudent to use only ½ % dilution for massage oil due to its irritating nature.

It can be used to help with arthritic and rheumatic conditions due to the warming action and increase in circulation.

This is not an oil to be taken lightly. This oil carries with it antiseptic and parasiticidal properties. In an inhalation or as a room spray, Cinnamon can help disinfect the air or breathing passages. On skin that has lice or scabies this oil may help to destroy these parasites when applied topically. It is an excellent choice of oil as a room fragrance especially at Christmas time.

Cinnamon also blends well with Caraway, all citrus oils, Myrtle and Nutmeg.

Specific Cautions: Cinnamon is highly irritating to the skin. Not recommended for massage. High doses can cause convulsions. Avoid during pregnancy.

Cedarwood

2006-05-13T13:43:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Cedrus atlantica. Family: Pinaceae. Common Name: Atlas Cedar, Blue Atlas Cedar.

It is a large, royal and evergreen conifer tree. It can grow up to 120 ft tall and 100 ft wide. The bark is silvery gray, scale like structure when old. It has stiff-needle like leaves usually less than 1 in. It flowers in September and the seed ripens in October to December. It produces egg shaped cones about 3 inches in length. The cones will be brown when ripe and release papery winged seeds. It prefers sun to partial shade.

It is thought to be originated from North Africa, Algeria and Morocco. It prefer rich loamy or sandy soil. It is propagated via seedling, but cutting is difficult to achieve.

Some pefurmes composed with cedarwood oil as base note are Mariella of Burani, Millennium Hope of Llana Javago and Poison of Christian Dior

Uses:

Ease bronchitis, chest infections, cough, soothes cracked skin, eczema, acne and oily skin. Alleviate feeling of panic, calms and deepens the breath under stress. Therefore, it is commonly used to help individuals to focus, counteract worry, fear and mental strain.

It is powerful antiseptic, fungicidal and antiseborrheic agents. When used for bronchial infections can help breaking down mucus. If used in a bath can help in the treatment of cystitis and vaginal infections and discharges. Cedarwood essential oil is great for treating acne as well. The oil can help to eliminate lactic acid and move toxins from joints and help with cellulite.

General Properties: astringent, antifungal, antiseptic, expectorant, insecticidal, detoxifier and sedative

Basil

2006-05-13T13:20:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum. Family: Lamiaceae (mint family). Common Name: perfume basil, basil. It is a purple-veined, shiny, bright green leaves, annual herb plants. It can grow to a height of 24 inches. It is propagated via seeds or cuttings. Some of the constituents are cineol,
linollol, citral, methyl chavicol, eugenol and methyl cinnamate.

Perfumes composed with Basil: Guerlain: Jicky, Calvin Klein:Eternity, Renta: Oscar de la Renta
and Jessica McClintock: JessicaMcClintock

Uses: Basil has been used through the ages for chest infections, digestive problems, brain stimulant and as an antispasmodic. Infusion of Basil is used for bronchitis, gastritis, stomach
pains, flatulence, constipation, cough and whooping cough.

It mixes into massage oil and used in a gentle massage over the stomach to ease many digestive problems. Use the essential oil of Basil in a carrier oil or cream for oily skin and acne. However, Basil might be a problem for some sensitive skin if applied in high concentration.

Aromatherapy: Refreshing, uplifting, stimulating and energizing. Great for anxiety.

Greatly valued and used in many cuisines as seasoning like Greek, Thai, Italian and Vietnamese.

General Properties. Analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, decongestant, expectorant stimulant, mild sedative and stomachic.

Anise

2006-05-13T11:41:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Pimpinella anisum Family: Umbelliferae. Common name: Anise

It is an annual plant which can grows to 2 ft tall and 1.5 ft wide. The plant prefers light sandy and medium loamy soils and requires well-drainage and sunlight. The flowers are hermaphrodite and umbrellalike clusters of tiny white flowers at stem tips. The leaves can be used in salad and the seed can be used in many culinary dishes.

Oil of Anise are distilled from the fruits of two species; Pimpinella anisum and Illicium anisatum. The oils obtainable from these two fruits are identical in composition, and nearly the same in most of their characters. One of the principal aromatic constituent of the anise essential oil is anethol. Other component are choline, sugar and mucilage. It is used in perfumery and potpourri.

Some perfumes composed with anise: Yves Saint Laurent: Opium pour homme.
Jean-Paul Gaultier: Jean Paul Gaultier, Lolita Lempicka:Lolita Lempicka,
Campbell: Naomi Campbell

Uses

The essential oil was high regarded as one of the main medicinal plants China, Egypt, India,
Greece and Rome.

It is also good to use for nervous dyspepsia or digestive migraines. However, the oil contain up to 90 % of anethol and if taken in high doses for long period of time can have narcotic effect, slow circulation or perhaps cause damage to the brain. Its can also cause dermatitis for some individuals.

General Properties: antiseptic antispasmodic carminative diuretic galactagogue stimulant.

Ambergris

2006-05-13T09:46:00.000-07:00

Ambergris or Grey amber is an animal substance secreted from in the intestines of the sperm
whale. It is thought ambergris is formed in the intestines of the sperm whale resulting form the
indigestible, sharp beaks of squid/cuttlefish.

It is generally found floating on the ocean’s surface or on the coastline of many countries
such as African cost, Madagascar, Japan, Brazil, China, India, and New Zealand. It is found
in many colors, shapes and textures. It is an extremely rare and expensive raw material;
therefore it is quite often replaced by synthetic materials such as Ambroxan and Grisalva.
The perfume industry uses it as a fixative/base note. It has a musky, mossy and sweet
earthy aroma.

Readings On Perfumes

2006-05-09T20:55:00.000-07:00

1. Barille, Elisabeth, Catherine Laroze. The Book of Perfume. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN:

2. Cunninghan, Scott. The Complete Book of Incense, Oils and Brews. ST. Paul, Llewellyn Publications. ISBN:

3. David H. Pybus, Charles S. Sell. The Chemistry of Fragrances. ISBN: 0854045287

4. Edwin T. Morris. Fragrance, the Story of Perfume from Cleopatra to Chanel. Scribner Book Company. ISBN:0684181959

5. Fettner, Ann Tucker. Potpourri, Incense and Other Fragrant Concoction. New York: Workman Publishing Company. ISBN:

6. Jan Moran, Fabulous Fragrances II. A Guide To Prestige Perfumes. Crescent House Publishing, Beverly Hills. ISBN:0963906542

7. Michael Edwards. Perfume Legends: French Feminine Fragrances.

8. Nigel Groom. Perfume: The Ultimate Guide To The World’s Finest Fragrances. ISBN:076240606-2

Type of Perfumes and Fragrances

2006-05-08T22:20:00.000-07:00

Perfumes can be broadly classified using scents such as Floral, Chypre, Fougere, Marine, Oriental, Citrus, Green and Spicy. Among each classification, there are many variations. For example, Floral can be further subdivided into Green, Fresh, Fruity, Marine, Aldehyde, Ambery and Oriental. Some of these scents or aroma of the perfumes are believed to be able to relieve anxiety and depression, to reduce stress and to invigorate. More research has to be performed to substantiate such claims.

Perfumes can also be grouped into Women, Men, Unisex or even Baby. The perfume men used might have different scent types to distinguish them from women or vice versa.

The composition of a perfume consists of Top Note (Fr: note de tete), Middle Note (Fr: note de Coeur) and Base Note (Fr: note de fond). There are many ingredients belong to each note and perfumers love to use a combination of notes to compose the desired perfume.

The concept of Note is perfumery can be explained in term of the rate of evaporation of the fragrances. Top note fragrances evaporated the fastest. Middle note fragrances evaporated slower than top note. Of course, base note’ evaporation rate will be the slowest. Base note fragrances are often used as fixatives to prolong the evaporation rate and the life of a fragrance on the skin.

Angelica archangelica

2006-04-27T23:28:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Angelica archangelica aka Angelica officinalis. Common Names: Garden Angelica. Family: APIACEAE. CAS: 84775-41-7

A hardy triennial or semi-hardy tree that can grow to over 2 m high. Its tall stem is hollow and its sparse basal flowers are pinnate. The flower is greenish white blooms form huge clusters of rounded umbels. It blooms in the summer. It strives well in deep, moist, loam, shady and damp soil. Countries of Origin are Syria and naturalized in Poland, Germany, France, Canada and US. Nowadays, it is widely cultivated to extract its essential oil.

It is produced via the steam distillation of seeds or fresh and dried roots. Odor: Earthy aroma, musk, pepper, sweet, rich, warm, spicy with a delicate green note. It is colorless to pale yellow and darken with age. Its chief constituents include angelicin, valeric acid, volative oil and sugar.

Widely used in perfumery of eau de toilettes for men and women. It is a middle/base perfume note ingredient. Some perfumes which use Angelica are Bois des Iles (Chanel),First (Van Cleef & Arpels Egoïste) Chanel and Armani (Giorgio Armani)

Warning: Angelica essential oil is phototoxic. Angelica contains a variety of chemicals that have been shown to have medicinal properties. Chewing on angelica or drinking tea brewed from it will cause local anesthesia, but it will heighten the immune system of the users. It has been shown to be effective against various bacteria, fungal infections and viral infections.

The essential oil of the roots of Angelica archangelica contains β-terebangelene, C₁₀H₁₆, and other terpenes; the oil of the seeds also contains β-terebangelene, together with methylethylacetic acid and hydroxymyristic acid. Examples of Uses: Alleviate Muscular aches, soothes arthritic joints and rheumatic pains. Eases indigestion problems and improves poor appetite. It is an energy revitalizer.

Note and Disclaimer

The information and opinions provided here are for general educational purposes only and do not replace medical advice. It is your responsibility to consult a qualified medical practitioner to ensure that you will not have any medical problems from using any of the essential oils.

Acacia dealbata (Mimosa)

2006-04-27T23:03:00.000-07:00

Scientific Name: Acacia dealbata. Family : Fabaceae. Common Name: Mimosa, silver wattle. This dicot tree grows to a height between 10 to 30 m. The yellow flowers are glomerules, grouped into single bunches that extend beyond the length of the leaf and hermaphrodite. The fruit, a flat pod, is only slightly contracted between the seeds, if at all.

Countries of Origin: Australia (N.W. Wales - Victoria), Tasmania. It had been naturalized in countries including Morocco and US. Environment :It is a hardy tree which grows quickly and produces many flowers. It prefers sandy, light and loamy soil with great drainage. The blooming period is from December to March. Production is via the bark and the flower. The flowers are treated with volatile solvent and enfleurage.

The extract has flowery, powdery and green odors. It serves as a modifying note in floral compositions (floral notes: jasmine, rose, violet, etc) in the perfumery. Some perfumes which use Mimosa are Mimosa Pour Moi of L'Artisan Parfumeur, Moment Suprême of Jean Patou, Casaque of Jean d'Albret, Kalispera of Jean Desses, Masumi of François Coty, Le Mimosa of Molinard Jeune and Paris of Yves Saint-Laurent

fragrancescience

Jasmine

It blooms from July to October. Absolute Jasmine is extracted by volatile solvents. Jasmine oils constituents include benzyl acetate, linalyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, linolool, Jasmone and Farnesol. It odor is fresh, flowery, delicate and light. It is widely used in the perfume industry.

Some perfumes composed using Jasmine are Gucci: Rush, Rochas: Madame Rochas, Marilyn Miglin: Magic and Calvin Klein: Escape

Uses: Jasmine essential oil has rich and long lasting aroma and expensive because a large amount of flowers needed to extract the essential oil by enfleurage. It is great for menstrual pain and cramps.It can be used as a massage oil in the early stage of child labor to abate pain.

The oil has a reputation of being an aphrodisiac and helping relaxation. On a mental side, it is known to combat depression, restore energy, impart feeling of confidence and optimism. Jasmine essential oil is useful for all skin types even the sensitive one. But use a small amount of the oil.

General Properties: antidepressant antiseptic antispasmodic aphrodisiac emmenagogue euphoriant sedative spiritual stimulantSpecific Cautions: Can impede concentration. Avoid in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Helichrysum

Uses:

Its antispasmodic activity is helpful in claming asthma and whooping cough. Its anti-inflammatory potency make it great for massage oil to treat arthritis and rheumatism.

General Properties: anti-allergenic anti-inflammatory antiseptic antispasmodic astringent expectorant immuno-stimulant sedative

Specific Cautions: Avoid during pregnancy.

Ginger

Scientific Name: Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Common Name: Ginger, common ginger, cooking ginger. Family: ZINGIBERACEAE. CAS: 84696-15-1

Coriander

Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum. Family: Apiaceae. Common Name: Coriander, cilantro, Arab parsley, Chinese parsley. It is a native of Mediterranean region.

Some Perfumes composed with coriander are Calvin Klein: Obsession, Hermes:HirisEstee Lauder: Knowing and Karl Lagerfeld: Lagerfeld.

Uses: Coriander had been cultivated for its medicinal uses for the past 3000 years. Coriander main chemical properties are between 60% and 65% of coriandrol, fatty acid, pinene, protein, tannins, vitamin C and geraniol.

Coriander essential oil can detoxify the body by helping the draining of excess fluids from the tissues. Chartreuse and Benedictine are two liqueurs used coriander due to its great digestive properties. It is widely used in Indian and Chinese cuisines for garnishing and flavoring.

General Properties: analgesic antispasmodic carminiative deodorant digestive stimulant

Specific Cautions: Can be stupefying if used over a long period of time. Avoid during pregnancy.

Clove

The anesthetic and antiseptic properties of clove were the reasons it was used in the treatment of toothache and oral hygiene. Clove kills intestinal parasites and broad antibacterial properties against fungi and bacteria. Therefore, it was used to treat worms and wounds as well.

General Properties: analgesic antiseptic antispasmodic carminative disinfectant insecticidal

Clary Sage

Scientific Name: Salvia schlarea. Family: Lamiaceae. Common Name: Clary Sage., Europe sage, clarry, clear eye, common clary, garden clary or orvale. It is a hardy biennial or perennial plant.

Uses: Its main chemical constituents are linalyl acetate sclareol, linalol, salvene, salvone and tannins.

Clary Sage is a potent muscle relaxant especially where muscle tension due to mental or emotional stress. It is known as an anti-depressant oil as well as calming making it great to combat anxiety, emotional tension, depression and post natal depression.

Clary sage can help aged skin by improving regeneration. It soothes inflamed skins and on oily skin. It is also known as a scalp stimulant to assist with hair growth.

General Properties: antibacterial, antidepressant, antidiaphoretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, deodorant, digestive, sedative

Specific Cautions

Cinnamon

Specific Cautions: Cinnamon is highly irritating to the skin. Not recommended for massage. High doses can cause convulsions. Avoid during pregnancy.

Cedarwood

Uses:

Ease bronchitis, chest infections, cough, soothes cracked skin, eczema, acne and oily skin. Alleviate feeling of panic, calms and deepens the breath under stress. Therefore, it is commonly used to help individuals to focus, counteract worry, fear and mental strain.

General Properties: astringent, antifungal, antiseptic, expectorant, insecticidal, detoxifier and sedative

Basil

Uses: Basil has been used through the ages for chest infections, digestive problems, brain stimulant and as an antispasmodic. Infusion of Basil is used for bronchitis, gastritis, stomachpains, flatulence, constipation, cough and whooping cough.

It mixes into massage oil and used in a gentle massage over the stomach to ease many digestive problems. Use the essential oil of Basil in a carrier oil or cream for oily skin and acne. However, Basil might be a problem for some sensitive skin if applied in high concentration.

Aromatherapy: Refreshing, uplifting, stimulating and energizing. Great for anxiety.

Greatly valued and used in many cuisines as seasoning like Greek, Thai, Italian and Vietnamese.

General Properties. Analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, decongestant, expectorant stimulant, mild sedative and stomachic.

Anise

Scientific Name: Pimpinella anisum Family: Umbelliferae. Common name: Anise

Uses

It is also good to use for nervous dyspepsia or digestive migraines. However, the oil contain up to 90 % of anethol and if taken in high doses for long period of time can have narcotic effect, slow circulation or perhaps cause damage to the brain. Its can also cause dermatitis for some individuals.

General Properties: antiseptic antispasmodic carminative diuretic galactagogue stimulant.

Ambergris

Readings On Perfumes

Type of Perfumes and Fragrances

Angelica archangelica

Note and Disclaimer

Acacia dealbata (Mimosa)

Uses: Jasmine essential oil has rich and long lasting aroma and expensive because a large amount of flowers needed to extract the essential oil by enfleurage. It is great for menstrual pain and cramps.
It can be used as a massage oil in the early stage of child labor to abate pain.

Some Perfumes composed with coriander are Calvin Klein: Obsession, Hermes:Hiris
Estee Lauder: Knowing and Karl Lagerfeld: Lagerfeld.

Uses: Basil has been used through the ages for chest infections, digestive problems, brain stimulant and as an antispasmodic. Infusion of Basil is used for bronchitis, gastritis, stomach
pains, flatulence, constipation, cough and whooping cough.